https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54317 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:03:22 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46301 −1 lamb meat, and 0.28 pg g(⁻¹-2.75 ng g⁻¹ bovine meat), heavy metals (0.5–33.0 mg kg⁻¹ lettuce), organochlorine pesticides (11–199 μg g⁻¹ carrots), cyclodienes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, hexabromocyclododecane (2–3 times higher than in conventionally produced porcine meat), hexachlorobenzene (1.38–14.49 ng g⁻¹ fat in milk), and non-brominated flame retardants (1.3–3.2 times higher than in conventional produce of greenhouse-grown tomato and cucumber). Moreover, some pollutants like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with a longer half-life (1.50–9.10 yrs) are reported to occur in several organic products. In fact, several legacy persistent organic pollutants are known for their significant trophic magnification in an urban terrestrial ecosystem. In addition, many plant functionalities are adversely affected in organic farming. Therefore, the long-term usage of organic products containing such pollutants poses a significant threat to human health. The major limitation in organic livestock production is the severe shortage of organic feed. Several variable standards and technical regulations set by the government and private agencies are the major obstacles in the global marketing of organic products. The present review critically addresses the impact of organic farming on hidden risks due to the use of composts as the amendment resources that enhance the phytoaccumulation and trophic transfer of pollutants, the functional diversity of the ecosystems, and poor harmonization among the policies and regulations in different countries for organic farming. The future directions of research have been suggested to mitigate unintended flows of pollutants into the organic products.]]> Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:51:33 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41138 5 ng g⁻¹), its detection in nearly all foodstuffs (max. concentration of ∼30–300 ng g⁻¹ or ng L⁻¹), human body burden, and toxicological properties as revealed by meta-analysis make TCEP hard to distinguish from traditional FRs, and this situation requires researchers to rethink whether or not TCEP is an appropriate choice as a new FR. However, there are many unresolved issues, which may impede global health agencies in framing stringent regulations and manufacturers considering the meticulous use of TCEP. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to highlight the factors that influence TCEP emissions from its sources, its bioaccessibility, threat of trophic transfer, and toxicogenomics in order to provide better insight into its emergence as an FR. Finally, remediation strategies for dealing with TCEP emissions, and future research directions are addressed.]]> Wed 27 Jul 2022 13:30:29 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54546 Tue 27 Feb 2024 20:42:03 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45300 Thu 27 Oct 2022 09:05:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40072 500 kilotons of PBDEs still exist globally. Both ‘environmental persistence’ and ‘bioaccumulation tendencies’ are the hallmarks of PBDE toxicities; however, both these issues concerning household emissions of PBDEs have been least addressed theoretically or practically. Critical physiological functions, lipophilicity and toxicity, trophic transfer and tissue specificities are of utmost importance in the benefit/risk assessments of PBDEs. Since indoor debromination of deca-BDE often yields many products, a better understanding on their sorption propensity, environmental fate and human toxicities is critical in taking rigorous measures on the ever-growing global deca-BDE market. The data available in the literature on human toxicities of PBDEs have been validated following meta-analysis. In this direction, the intent of the present review was to provide a critical evaluation of the key aspects like compositional patterns/isomer ratios of PBDEs implicated in bioaccumulation, indoor PBDE emissions versus human exposure, secured technologies to deal with the toxic emissions, and human toxicity of PBDEs in relation to the number of bromine atoms. Finally, an emphasis has been made on the knowledge gaps and future research directions related to endurable flame retardants which could fit well into the benefit/risk strategy.]]> Thu 14 Jul 2022 13:53:13 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52264 Sat 07 Oct 2023 12:46:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41866 Mon 15 Aug 2022 09:49:20 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38825 Mon 14 Feb 2022 15:04:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52351 Mon 09 Oct 2023 15:04:08 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51894 Fri 22 Sep 2023 09:22:31 AEST ]]>